2016

Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 6-15

Divergent effects of isolation rearing on prepulse inhibition, activity, anxiety and hippocampal-dependent memory in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats: a putative model of schizophrenia-relevant features

Authors: Oliveras, I., Sanchez-Gonzalez A., Piludu M.A., Gerboles C., Rio-Alamos C.,Tobena A., Fernandez-Teruel A.

  Isolation rearing on locomotion, exploration, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex and spatial learning in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats
  Oliveras, I., Sanchez-Gonzalez A., Piludu M.A., Gerboles C., Rio-Alamos C.,Tobena A., Fernandez-Teruel A. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   STRAIN   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   STARTLE REFLEX
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 52-64

Effects of oxytocin on serotonin 1B agonist-induced autism-like behavior in mice

Authors: Lawson, S.K., Gray A.C., Woehrle N.S.

  5-HT1B agonists and oxytocin on locomotion, exploration, rearing and social interaction in mice
  Lawson, S.K., Gray A.C., Woehrle N.S. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   OXYTOCIN   SEROTONIN
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 65-76

Acute deep brain stimulation in the thalamic reticular nucleus protects against acute stress and modulates initial events of adult hippocampal neurogenesis

Authors: Magdaleno-Madrigal, V.M., Pantoja-Jimenez C.R., Bazaldua A., Fernandez-Mas R., Almazan-Alvarado S., Bolanos-Alejos F., Ortiz-Lopez L., Ramirez-rodriguez G.B.

  Thalamic reticular nucleus stimulation on hippocampal neurogenesis, locomotion, exploration and response to stress in rats
  Magdaleno-Madrigal, V.M., Pantoja-Jimenez C.R., Bazaldua A., Fernandez-Mas R., Almazan-Alvarado S., Bolanos-Alejos F., Ortiz-Lopez L., Ramirez-rodriguez G.B. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRESS
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 87-95

Reduced locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in CC chemokine receptor 4 deficient mice

Authors: Ambree, O., Klassen I., Forster I., Arolt V., Scheu S., Alferink J.

  Chemokine receptor 4 role in locomotion, exploration, social behavior and object recognition in mice
  Ambree, O., Klassen I., Forster I., Arolt V., Scheu S., Alferink J. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 125-133

Galanin subtype 1 and subtype 2 receptors mediate opposite anxiety-like effects in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus

Authors: Morais, J.S., Souza M.M., Campanha T.M.N., Muller C.J.T., Bittencourt, Bortoli V.C., Schenberg L.C., Beijamini V.

  Intra-dorsal raphe nucleus galanin-1,-2 agonists and 5-HT1A antagonists on locomotion, exploration and dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation aversive effects in rats
  Morais, J.S., Souza M.M., Campanha T.M.N., Muller C.J.T., Bittencourt, Bortoli V.C., Schenberg L.C., Beijamini V. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   NEUROPEPTIDES   DORSAL AND MEDIAL RAPHE NUCLEI   SEROTONIN   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2016: 633, 257-261

Effects of early adolescent methamphetamine exposure on anxoiety-like behavior and corticosterone levels in mice

Authors: Rud, M.A., Do T.N., Siegel J.A.

  Methamphetamine on locomotion, exploration and plasma corticosterone levels in adolescent mice
  Rud, M.A., Do T.N., Siegel J.A. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   DOPAMINE   GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 190-198

A single low dose of valproic acid in late prenatal life alters postnatal behavior and glutamic acid decarboxylase levels in the mouse

Authors: Wei, R., Li Q., Lam S., Leung J., Cheung C., Zhang X., Sham P.C., Chua S.E., McAlonan G.M.

  Prenatal valproic acid exposure on brain GABAergic system modulation, olfactory behavior, exploratory activity, object recognition, fear conditioning and prepulse inhibition of startle reflex in juvenile and adult male and female mouse offspring
  Wei, R., Li Q., Lam S., Leung J., Cheung C., Zhang X., Sham P.C., Chua S.E., McAlonan G.M. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CEREBELLUM   CEREBRAL CORTEX   AGE   GENDER   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SMELL   STARTLE REFLEX   STRIATUM
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 314, 215-225

Effects of environmental enrichment on anxiety-like behavior, sociability, sensory gating, and spatial learning in male and female C57BL/6J mice

Authors: Hendershott, T.R., Cronin M.E., Langella S., McGuinness P.S., Basu A.C.

  Environmental enrichment on social interaction, exploratory activity, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex and Morris water maze performance in male and female mice
  Hendershott, T.R., Cronin M.E., Langella S., McGuinness P.S., Basu A.C. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   GENDER   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   STARTLE REFLEX
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 315, 10-22

Long-lasting impairments in adult neurogenesis, spatial learning and memory from a standard chemotherapy regimen used to treat breast cancer

Authors: Rendeiro, C., Sheriff A., Bhattacharya T.K., Gogola J.V., Baxter J.H., Chen H., Helferich W.G., Roy E.J., Rhodes J.S.

  Standard chemoterapy regimen on food intake, hippocampal neurogenesis, locomotion, exploration and spatial learning in mice
  Rendeiro, C., Sheriff A., Bhattacharya T.K., Gogola J.V., Baxter J.H., Chen H., Helferich W.G., Roy E.J., Rhodes J.S. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   FEEDING AND DRINKING   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2016: 315, 71-74

The role of genes involved in stress, neural plasticity, and brain circuitry in depressive phenotypes: convergent findings in a mouse mnodel of neglect

Authors: Montalvo-Ortiz, J.L., Bordner K.A., Carlyle B.C., Gelernter J., Simen A.A., Kaufman J.,

  Maternal separation stress on gene expression, exploratory activity and response to stress in mice of different strain
  Montalvo-Ortiz, J.L., Bordner K.A., Carlyle B.C., Gelernter J., Simen A.A., Kaufman J. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STRAIN   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEINS AND GENES   STRESS
Contained in: J. Neurosci., 2016: 36, 2348-2354

Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-2 deletion impairs synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory

Authors: Rahman, N.Z.A., Greenwood S.M., Brett R.R., Tossell K., Ungless M.A., Plevin R., Bushell T.J.

  Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 on hippocampal neuron excitability and plasticity, exploratory activity and spatial learning in mice
  Rahman, N.Z.A., Greenwood S.M., Brett R.R., Tossell K., Ungless M.A., Plevin R., Bushell T.J. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CEREBELLUM   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CEREBRAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEIN KINASES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2016: 335, 170-183

GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors conribute to the beneficial effects of hydrogen sulfide on cognitive and synaptic plasticity deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Authors: Yang, Y.-J., Zhao Y., Yu B., Xu G.-G., Wang W., Zhan J.-Q., Tang Z.-Y., Wang T., Wei B.

  Hydrogen sulfide on hippocampal neuron excitability and plasticity, GluN2B receptor, CREB, brain derived neurotrophic factor, calcium-calmodulin kinase II expression, nocicpetion, exploratory activity, object recognition and fear conditioning in APP/PS1 mice
  Yang, Y.-J., Zhao Y., Yu B., Xu G.-G., Wang W., Zhan J.-Q., Tang Z.-Y., Wang T., Wei B. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEIN KINASES   PROTEINS AND GENES   NOCICEPTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2016: 336, 1-11

The medial frontal cortex contributions to but does not organize rat exploratory behavior

Authors: Blankenship, P.A., Stuebing S.L., Winter S.S., Cheatwood J.L., Benson J.D., Whishaw I.Q., Wallace D.G.

  Medial prefrontal cortex lesions on exploratory behavior in rats
  Blankenship, P.A., Stuebing S.L., Winter S.S., Cheatwood J.L., Benson J.D., Whishaw I.Q., Wallace D.G. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2016: 336, 123-132

Environmental enrichment prevents anxiety-like behavior induced by progesterone withdrawal in two strains of rats

Authors: Islas-Preciado, D., Lopez-Rubalcava C., Gonzalez-Olvera J., Gallardo-Tenorio A., Estrada-Camarena E.

  Progesterone on burying behavior in female rats of different strain
  Islas-Preciado, D., Lopez-Rubalcava C., Gonzalez-Olvera J., Gallardo-Tenorio A., Estrada-Camarena E. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STRAIN   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   GLUCOCORTICOIDS   GONADAL HORMONES
Contained in: J. Neurosci., 2016: 36, 1636-1646

Chronic ampakine treatments stimulate dendritic growth and promote learning in middle-aged rats

Authors: Lauteborn, J.C., Palmer L.C., Jia Y., Pham D.T., Hou B., Wang W., Trieu B.H., Cox C.D., Kantorovich S., Gall C.M., Lynch G.

  Ampakine exposure and environmental enrichment housing on hippocampal neuron excitability and plasticity, locomotion and exploration in rats of different age
  Lauteborn, J.C., Palmer L.C., Jia Y., Pham D.T., Hou B., Wang W., Trieu B.H., Cox C.D., Kantorovich S., Gall C.M., Lynch G. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   AGE   GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: J. Neurosci., 2016: 26, 2247-2260

Impaired dendritic development and memory in Sorbs2 knock-out mice

Authors: Zhang, Q., Gao X., Li C., Feliciano C., Wang D., Zhou D., Mei Y., Monteiro P., Anand M., Itohara S., Dong X., Fu Z., Feng G.

  SORBS2 gene on cortical, hippocampal neuron excitability and plasticity, exploratory activity, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex, object recognition, fear conditioning and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Zhang, Q., Gao X., Li C., Feliciano C., Wang D., Zhou D., Mei Y., Monteiro P., Anand M., Itohara S., Dong X., Fu Z., Feng G. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CEREBRAL CORTEX   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   STARTLE REFLEX   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2016: 26, 1393-1413

Detecting and discriminating novel objects: the impact of perirhinal cortex disconnection on hippocampal activity patterns

Authors: Kinnavane, L., Amin E., Olarte-Sanchez C.M., Aggleton J.P.

  Perirhinal cortex lesions on object exploration/recognition and related hippocampal, septal, entorhinal, reuniens and cortical c-fos expression in rats
  Kinnavane, L., Amin E., Olarte-Sanchez C.M., Aggleton J.P. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   ENTORHINAL CORTEX   PERIRHINAL CORTEX   CEREBRAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SEPTUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2016: 26, 1373-1378

Anxiolytic actions of exercise in abesence of new neurons

Authors: Schoenfeld, T.J., McCausland H.C., Sonti A.N., Cameron H.A.

  Hippocampal adult neurogenesis, environmental luminance and locomotor activity on hippocampal c-fos expression related to exploration and neophobia test in mice
  Schoenfeld, T.J., McCausland H.C., Sonti A.N., Cameron H.A. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   LUMINANCE AND VISION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEOPHOBIA   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Anim. Behav., 2016: 120, 135-142

Threat predictability influences seaside sparrow nest site selection when facing trade-offs from predation and flooding

Authors: Hunter, E.A., Nibbelink N.P., Cooper R.J.

  Predation risk and nest site selection in seaside sparrows
  Hunter, E.A., Nibbelink N.P., Cooper R.J. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
Contained in: Behav. Processes, 2016: 132, 66-75

Exploration in a dispersal task: effects of early experience and correlation with other behaviors in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Authors: del Razo, R.A., Bales K.L.

  Parental care received on exploratory activity and social behavior in praire vole offspring
  del Razo, R.A., Bales K.L. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   AGE
Contained in: Brain Res., 2016: 1652, 71-80

Effects of multiple brief exposures to trauma-associated cues on traumatized resilinet and vulnerable rats

Authors: Le Dorze, C., Gisquet-Verrier P.

  Passive avoidance or acute stress associated stimuli re-exposure on fear response, exploratory activity and startle reflex response in rats
  Le Dorze, C., Gisquet-Verrier P. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   AVOIDANCE   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   SMELL   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   STARTLE REFLEX   STRESS
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2016: 19, 1497-1505

Histine deacetylase 3 associates with MeCP2 to regulate FOXO and social behavior

Authors: Nott, A., Cheng J., Gao F., Lin Y.-T., Gjoneska E., Ko T., Minhas P., Zamudio A.V., Meng J., Zhang F., Jin P., Tsai L.-H.

  MeCP2 protein and histene deacetylase 3 on locomotion, exploration, social interaction, spatial learning, object recognition and fear conditioning in mice
  Nott, A., Cheng J., Gao F., Lin Y.-T., Gjoneska E., Ko T., Minhas P., Zamudio A.V., Meng J., Zhang F., Jin P., Tsai L.-H. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2016: 19, 1506-1512

MeCP2 and histone deacetylases 1 and 2 in dorsal striatum collectively suppress repetitive behaviors

Authors: Mahgoub, M., Adachi M., Suzuki K., Liu X., Kavalali E.T., Chahrour M.H., Monteggia L.M.

  Dorsal striatal MeCF2 protein and histone deacetylase 1/2 on locomotion, exploration and grooming in mice
  Mahgoub, M., Adachi M., Suzuki K., Liu X., Kavalali E.T., Chahrour M.H., Monteggia L.M. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   PROTEINS AND GENES   STRIATUM
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2016: 135, 40-49

Do dorsal raphe 5-HT neurons encode "beneficialness"?

Authors: Luo, M., Li Y., Zhong W.
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2016: 135, 57-65

N-glycosylation in the hippocamus is required for the consolidation and reconsolidation of contextual fear memory

Authors: Inaba, H., Kai D., Kida S.

  Intra-hippocampal N-glycosylation inhibitors on exploratory activity, fear conditioning acquisition and related hippocampal c-fos expression, consolidation and reconsolidation in mice
  Inaba, H., Kai D., Kida S. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   GLYCOPROTEINS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   PROTEINS AND GENES   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2016: 111, 47-58

The absence of 5-HT4 receptors modulates depression- and anxiety-like responses and influences the response of fluoxeine in olfactory bulbectomised mice: adaptive changes in hippocampal neuroplasticity markers and 5-HT1A autoreceptor

Authors: Amigò, J., Diaz A., Pilar-Cuellar F., Vidal R., Martin A., Compan V., Pazos A., Castro E.

  Olfactory bulbectomy and fluoxetine exposure on hippocampal neuroplasticity, locomotion, exploration, response to stress, neophobia and nesting behavior in mice: 5-HT4 receptor role
  Amigò, J., Diaz A., Pilar-Cuellar F., Vidal R., Martin A., Compan V., Pazos A., Castro E. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   CEREBRAL CORTEX   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEOPHOBIA   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   SMELL   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   SEROTONIN   PROTEINS AND GENES   STRESS   BODY TEMPERATURE
Contained in: Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., 2016: 46, 903-907

Effects of nchronic administration of low-dose interleukin-1β on exploratory behavior and spatial memory in rats

Authors: Kalemenev, S.V., Sizov V.V., Ishchenko A.M., Zubareva O.E.

  Interleukin-1β administration on locomotion, exploration, object recognition and Morris water maze performance in rats
  Kalemenev, S.V., Sizov V.V., Ishchenko A.M., Zubareva O.E. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   NEUROPEPTIDES
Contained in: Neurosci. Behav. Physiol., 2016: 46, 908-915

Behavior, memory, and immunological status in mice in a model of desynchronosis

Authors: Dubrovina, N.I., Shurlygina A.V., Litvinenko G.I., Mel'nikova E.V., Tenditnik M.V., Chasovskikh M.I., Trufakin V.A.

  Round-the-clock illumination on exploratory activity, startle reflex, response to stress and passive avoidance in mice of different strain
  Dubrovina, N.I., Shurlygina A.V., Litvinenko G.I., Mel'nikova E.V., Tenditnik M.V., Chasovskikh M.I., Trufakin V.A. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   AVOIDANCE   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   STRAIN   CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS   STARTLE REFLEX
Contained in: Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2016: 68, 575-589

Effects of experimental sleep deprivation on anxiety-like behavior in animal research: systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Pires, G.N., Bezerra A.G., Tufik S., Andersen M.L.

  Sleep deprivation on exploratory activity, grooming and rearing in rodents - Review
  Pires, G.N., Bezerra A.G., Tufik S., Andersen M.L. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SLEEP
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2016: 634, 114-118

Effects of (-)-sesamin on chronic stress-induced memory deficits in mice

Authors: Zhao, T.T., Shin K.S., Park H.J., Kim K.S., Lee K.E., Cho Y.J., Lee M.K.

  (-)-sesamin on chronic stress effects on striato-nigral dopamine levels, hippocampal NMDA, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and CREB phosphorylation levels and exploratory activity in mice
  Zhao, T.T., Shin K.S., Park H.J., Kim K.S., Lee K.E., Cho Y.J., Lee M.K. - 2016

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   DOPAMINE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEIN KINASES   PROTEINS AND GENES   STRESS   STRIATUM   SUBSTANTIA NIGRA