2017

Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 363-374

Chemogenetic interrogation of a brain-wide fear memory network in mice

Authors: Vetere, G., Kenney J.W., Tran L.M., Xia F., Steadman P.E., Parkinson J., Josselyn S.A., Frankland P.W.

  Fear memory brain network charcaterization in mice: c-fos expression and disruption propagation model study
  Vetere, G., Kenney J.W., Tran L.M., Xia F., Steadman P.E., Parkinson J., Josselyn S.A., Frankland P.W. - 2017

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   SEPTUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRIATUM
Contained in: Trends Cogn. Sci., 2017: 21, 310-312

Exercising control over memory consolidation

Authors: Robertson, E.M., Takacs A.

  Exercise, cortical excitability and memory consolidation - Commentary
  Robertson, E.M., Takacs A. - 2017

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: NeuroReport, 2017: 28, 354-359

Inhibition of hippocampal long-term potentiation by high-fat diets: is it related to an effect of palmitic acid involving glycogen synthase kinase-3?

Authors: Contreras, A., Del Rio D., Martinez A., Gil C., Morales L., Ruiz-Gayo M., Del Olmo N.

  High-fats diets on hippocampal neurons excitability in mice: glycogen synthase kinase-3 role
  Contreras, A., Del Rio D., Martinez A., Gil C., Morales L., Ruiz-Gayo M., Del Olmo N. - 2017

  FEEDING AND DRINKING   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2017: 27, 518-528

Sequential learning during contextual fear conditioning guides the rate of systems consolidation: implications for consolidation of multpile memory traces

Authors: Pedraza, L.K., Sierra R.O., Crestani A.P., Quillfeldt J.A., de Oliveira Alvares L.

  Hippocampal or anterior cingulate cortex inactivation on contextual fear conditioning consolidation in rats: footshock intensity, retraining and contextual generalization effects
  Pedraza, L.K., Sierra R.O., Crestani A.P., Quillfeldt J.A., de Oliveira Alvares L. - 2017

  NEURAL REVERSIBLE INACTIVATIONS   CEREBRAL CORTEX   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   GENERALIZATION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   CONTEXTUAL PRE-EXPOSURE AND RETRAINING   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2017: 27, 596-607

Reconsolidation-induced rescue of a remote fear memory blocked by an early cortical inhibition: involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex and the mediation by the thalamic nucleus reuniens

Authors: Sierra, R.O., Pedraza L.K., Zanona Q.K., Santana F., Boos F.Z., Crestani A.P., Haubrich J., de Oliveira Alvares L., calcagnotto M.E., Quillfeldt J.A.

  Anterior cingulate cortex inactivation onfear conditioning acquisition and reconsolidation in rats: thalamic nucleus reuniens inactivation on hippocampal neuron excitability and fear conditioning reconsolidation effects
  Sierra, R.O., Pedraza L.K., Zanona Q.K., Santana F., Boos F.Z., Crestani A.P., Haubrich J., de Oliveira Alvares L., calcagnotto M.E., Quillfeldt J.A. - 2017

  NEURAL REVERSIBLE INACTIVATIONS   CEREBRAL CORTEX   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2017: 117, 422-433

Tropisetron sensitizes α7 containing nicotinic receptors to low levels of acetylcholine in vitro and improves memory-related task performance in young and aged animals

Authors: Callahan, P.M., Bertrand D., Bertrand S., Plagenhoef M.R., Terry A.V. Jr.

  5-HT3 antagonist, α7-32nAchR agonist tropisetron on oocyte excitability, object recognition in rats of different age/strain and operant responding in male and female aged monkeys
  Callahan, P.M., Bertrand D., Bertrand S., Plagenhoef M.R., Terry A.V. Jr. - 2017

  ACETYLCHOLINE   OPERANT CONDITIONING   STRAIN   AGE   NOOTROPICS   SEROTONIN   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 2017: 155, 16-23

Cystathionine-β-synthase-derived hydrogen sulfide is required for amygdalar long-term potentiation and cued fear memory in rats

Authors: Chen, H.-B., Wu W.-N., Wang W., Gu X.-H., Yu B., Wei B., Yang Y.-J.

  Amygdalar hydrogen sulfide role in NMDA-dependent basolateral amygdala neurons excitability, exploratory activity, nocicpetion and fear conditioning in rats
  Chen, H.-B., Wu W.-N., Wang W., Gu X.-H., Yu B., Wei B., Yang Y.-J. - 2017

  AMYGDALA   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NOCICEPTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2017: 117, 124-133

Age-dependent regulation of GABA transmission by kappa opioid receptors in the basolateral amygdala of Spague-Dawly rats

Authors: Przybysz, K.R., Werner D.F., Diaz M.R.

  κ opioid modulation on amygdalar GABAergic neurons excitability in adolescent and adult rats
  Przybysz, K.R., Werner D.F., Diaz M.R. - 2017

  AMYGDALA   AGE   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   OPIOIDS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Biol. Psychology, 2017: 125, 36-44

Dynamic changes in prefrontal cortex involvement during verbal episodic memory formation

Authors: Galli, G., Feurra M., Pavone E.F., Sirota M., Rossi S.

  Prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation on verbal episodic memory performance in humans
  Galli, G., Feurra M., Pavone E.F., Sirota M., Rossi S. - 2017

  LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS   CEREBRAL CORTEX   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2017: 117, 49-60

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta alters anxiety-, depression, and addiction-related behaviors and neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens shell

Authors: Crofton, E.J., Nenov M.N., Zhang Y., Scala F., Page S.A., McCue D.L:, Li D., Hommel J.D., Laezza F., Green T.A.

  Accumbal glycogen synthase kinase 3β role in local neuron excitability, response to stress, neophobia, social interaction, exploratory activity and operant cocaine self-administration in rats
  Crofton, E.J., Nenov M.N., Zhang Y., Scala F., Page S.A., McCue D.L:, Li D., Hommel J.D., Laezza F., Green T.A. - 2017

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   OPERANT CONDITIONING   DOPAMINE   NEOPHOBIA   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRESS
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2017: 118, 242-250

Hippocampal endothelin-1 decreases excitability of pyramidal neurons and produces anxiolytic effects

Authors: Chen, M., Shu S., Yan H.-H., Pei L., Wang Z.-F., Wan Q., Bi L.-L.

  Hippocampal endothelin-1 peptide role in neuron excitability, neophobia and exploratory activity in mice
  Chen, M., Shu S., Yan H.-H., Pei L., Wang Z.-F., Wan Q., Bi L.-L. - 2017

  EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEOPHOBIA   NEUROPEPTIDES   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Eur. J. Neurosci., 2017: 45, 1177-1185

Inline and offline effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning in healthy older adults: a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study

Authors: Samaei, A., Ehsani F., Zoghi M., Yosephi M.H., Jaberzadeh S.

  Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning in older humans
  Samaei, A., Ehsani F., Zoghi M., Yosephi M.H., Jaberzadeh S. - 2017

  CEREBELLUM   MOTOR LEARNING   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Eur. J. Neurosci., 2017: 45, 1230-1240

Species-specific diversity in the anatomical and physiological organisation of the BNST-VTA pathway

Authors: Kaufling, J., Girard D., Maitre M., Leste-Lasserre T., Georges F.

  Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons projecting to ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in mice and rats: pathway excitability study
  Kaufling, J., Girard D., Maitre M., Leste-Lasserre T., Georges F. - 2017

  DOPAMINE   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   GLUTAMATE   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 125-137

Diazepam binding inhibitor promotes stem cell expansion controlling environment-dependent neurogenesis

Authors: Dunitru, I., Neitz A., Alfonso J., Monyer H.

  GABA receptor role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice and monkeys; in vivo multiple genetic manipulation study
  Dunitru, I., Neitz A., Alfonso J., Monyer H. - 2017

  γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 138-152

Genetically distinct parallel pathways in the entoèenducolar nucleus for limbic and sensorimotor output of the basal ganglia

Authors: Wallace, M.L., Saunders A., Huang K.W., Philson A.C., Goldman M., Macosko E.Z., McCarroll S.A., Sabatini B.L.

  Basal ganglia molecurlarly distinct projections in mammals: single-cell transcriptional and molecular analysis study
  Wallace, M.L., Saunders A., Huang K.W., Philson A.C., Goldman M., Macosko E.Z., McCarroll S.A., Sabatini B.L. - 2017

  γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   GLUTAMATE   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRIATUM
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2017: 116, 71-81

Impaired GABAergic inhibition in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice

Authors: Sabanov, V., Braat S., D'Andrea L., Willemsen R., Zeidler S., Rooms L., Bagni C., Kooy R.F., Balschun D.

  Fmr1 protein on hippocampal neurons GABAergic post-synaptic inhibition in mice
  Sabanov, V., Braat S., D'Andrea L., Willemsen R., Zeidler S., Rooms L., Bagni C., Kooy R.F., Balschun D. - 2017

  γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2017: 316, 152-159

Differential regulation of GluA1 expression by ketamine and memantine

Authors: Zhang, K., Yamaki V.N., Wei Z., Zheng Y., Cai X.

  Memantine and ketamine on hippocampal neuron excitability, GluA1 expression, mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation and response to stress in rats
  Zhang, K., Yamaki V.N., Wei Z., Zheng Y., Cai X. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRESS
Contained in: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2017: 114, 1159-1164

Amino-terminal domains of kainate receptors determine the differentiual dependencxe on Neto auxiliary subunits for trafficking

Authors: Sheng, N., Shi Y.S., Nicoll R.A.

  Hippocampal glutamatergic kainate receptor and Neto protein role in neuron excitability in mice
  Sheng, N., Shi Y.S., Nicoll R.A. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2017: 138, 54-61

STIM2 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and plsticity at hippocampal synapses

Authors: Yap, K.A.F., Shetty M.S., Garcia-Alvarez G., Lu B., Alagappan D., Oh-Hora M., Sajikumar S., Fivaz M.

  STIM2 protein on AMPA receptor role in hippocampal neuron excitability/plasticity of mice
  Yap, K.A.F., Shetty M.S., Garcia-Alvarez G., Lu B., Alagappan D., Oh-Hora M., Sajikumar S., Fivaz M. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2017: 20, 529-539

Metabotropic action of postsynaptic kainate receptors triggers hippocampal long-term potentiation

Authors: Petrovic, M.M., da Silva S.V., Clement J.P., Vyklicky L., Mulle C., Gonzalez-Gonzalez I.M., Henley J.M.

  Kainate receptors on hippocampal neuron excitability in rats: protein kinase C role
  Petrovic, M.M., da Silva S.V., Clement J.P., Vyklicky L., Mulle C., Gonzalez-Gonzalez I.M., Henley J.M. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEIN KINASES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 74-82

The retromer supprts AMPA receptor trafficking during LTP

Authors: Temkin, P., Morishita W., Goswami D., Arendt L., Chen L., Malenka R.

  Subunit protein complex retromer on AMPA/NMDA role related to hippocampal neuron excitability in mice
  Temkin, P., Morishita W., Goswami D., Arendt L., Chen L., Malenka R. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Nature, 2017: 544, 316-321

Postsynaptic synaptotagmins mediate AMPA receptor exocytosis during LTP

Authors: Wu, D., Bacaj T., Morishita W., Goswami D., Arendt K.L., Xu W., Chen L., Malenka R.C., Sudhof T.C.

  Post-synaptic synaptotagmins on AMPA receptor role in hippocampal neuron excitability of mice
  Wu, D., Bacaj T., Morishita W., Goswami D., Arendt K.L., Xu W., Chen L., Malenka R.C., Sudhof T.C. - 2017

  GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2017: 649, 1-6

Progesterone modifies the responsivity of the amygdala-mPFC connection in male but not female Wistar rats

Authors: Contrears, C.M., Gutierrez-Garcia A.G.

  Progesterone on amygdala-prefrontal cortex connection excitability in male and female rats
  Contrears, C.M., Gutierrez-Garcia A.G. - 2017

  AMYGDALA   CEREBRAL CORTEX   GENDER   GONADAL HORMONES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 677-688

Medial entorhinal cortex selectively supports temporal coding by hippocampal neurons

Authors: Robinson, N.T.M., Priestley J.B., Rueckemann J.W., Garcia A.D., Smeglin V.A., Narino F.A., Eichenbaum H.

  Entorhinal cortex and hippocampal role in temporal and spatial coding in rats
  Robinson, N.T.M., Priestley J.B., Rueckemann J.W., Garcia A.D., Smeglin V.A., Narino F.A., Eichenbaum H. - 2017

  LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   OPERANT CONDITIONING   ENTORHINAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuron, 2017: 94, 642-655

Chronic loss of CA2 transmission leads to hippocampal hyperexcitability

Authors: Boehringer, R., Polygalov D., Huang A.J.Y., Middleton S.J., Robert V., Wintzer M.E., Piskorowski R.A., Chevaleyre V., McHugh T.J.

  Hippocampal neuron excitability/activity related to locomotion/spatial orientation in mice
  Boehringer, R., Polygalov D., Huang A.J.Y., Middleton S.J., Robert V., Wintzer M.E., Piskorowski R.A., Chevaleyre V., McHugh T.J. - 2017

  LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Physiol. Behav., 2017: 175, 37-46

Radioprotective effect of ursolic acid in radiation-induced impairment of neurogenesis, learning and memory in adolescent BALB/c mouse

Authors: Tang, F.R., Loke W.K., Wong P., Khoo B.C.

  Ursolic acid on radiation-induced hippocampal neuron damage, locomotor activity, response to stress, fear conditioning and object recognition impairment in mice
  Tang, F.R., Loke W.K., Wong P., Khoo B.C. - 2017

  LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRESS
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2017: 350, 110-123

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide eliminates spatial memory retrieval impairment and hippocampal CA1 LTD enhancement caused by acute stress via promoting glutamate uptake

Authors: He, J., Guo R., Qiu P., Su X., Yan G., Feng J.

  Hydrogen sulfide on stress-induced hippocampal neuron excitability/glutamate re-uptake/c-Jun-N-terminal kinase changes and Morris water maze performance impairment in rats
  He, J., Guo R., Qiu P., Su X., Yan G., Feng J. - 2017

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   GLUTAMATE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   STRESS
Contained in: Physiol. Behav., 2017: 174, 67-73

Davunetide improves spatial learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease-associated rats

Authors: Zhang, J., Wei S.-Y., Yuan L., Kong L.-L., Zhang S.-X., Wang Z.-J., Wu M.-N., Qi J.-S.

  Octapeptide Davunetide on intra-hippocampal amyloid β1-42-induced hippocampal neuron excitability/neuroinflammation and Morris water maze impairment in rats
  Zhang, J., Wei S.-Y., Yuan L., Kong L.-L., Zhang S.-X., Wang Z.-J., Wu M.-N., Qi J.-S. - 2017

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   NEUROPEPTIDES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2017: 20, 690-699

Activity-induced histone modifications govern neurexin-1 mRNA splicing and memory preservation

Authors: Ding, X., Liu S., Tian M., Zhang W., Zhu T., Li D., Wu J., Deng H.T., Jia Y., Xie W., Xie H., Guan J.-S.

  Contextual fear conditioning training/testing on hippocampal histone deacetylase C2/neuronexin-1 protein levels and neuron plasticity in mice
  Ding, X., Liu S., Tian M., Zhang W., Zhu T., Li D., Wu J., Deng H.T., Jia Y., Xie W., Xie H., Guan J.-S. - 2017

  FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Eur. J. Neurosci., 2017: 45, 499-509

Different synaptic stimulation patterns influence the local androgenic and estrogenic neurosteroid availability triggering hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the male rats

Authors: Di Mauro, M., Tozzi A., Calabresi P., Pettorossi V.E., Grassi S.

  αAndrogenic and estrogenic modulation on hippocampal neuron excitability in male rats
  Di Mauro, M., Tozzi A., Calabresi P., Pettorossi V.E., Grassi S. - 2017

  GONADAL HORMONES   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION