2018

Contained in: NeuroReport, 2018: 29, 987-992

Unilateral whisker pad injection of botulinum toxin type a enhaces spatial learning in mice

Authors: Ni, L.-H., Cao S.-X., Lian H., Hu X.-Y.

  Unilateral whisker pad botulinum toxin injection on Morris water maze performance in mice
  Ni, L.-H., Cao S.-X., Lian H., Hu X.-Y. - 2018

  LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: NeuroReport, 2018: 29, 1230-1237

Ethanol-induced cognitive dysfunction is associated with alterations in the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway in the hippocampus of male mice

Authors: Xing, Y., Zou D.

  Ethanol exposure on hippocampal neuronal damage, mTOR/Akt protein expression and Morris water maze performance in male and female mice
  Xing, Y., Zou D. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   GENDER   PROTEINS AND GENES   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1027-1037

PKCα integrates spatiotemporally distinct Ca2+ and autocrine BDNF signaling to facilitate synaptic plasticity

Authors: Colgan, L.A., Hu M., Misler J.A., Parra-Bueno P., Moran C.M., Leitges M., Yasuda R.

  Protein kinase C role in hippocampal neuron excitability/plasticity via NMDA/BDNF signaling, locomotion/exploration and spatial learning in mice
  Colgan, L.A., Hu M., Misler J.A., Parra-Bueno P., Moran C.M., Leitges M., Yasuda R. - 2018

  PROTEIN KINASES   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   NOCICEPTION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1096-1106

Principle governing the integration of landmark and self-motion cues in the entorhinal cortical codes for navigation

Authors: Campbell, M.G., Ocko S.A., Mallory C.S., Low I.I.C., Ganguli S., Giocomo L.M.

  Entorhinal "borded, grid and speed" cell roles in path-integration-based navigation in rewarded spatial task of mice
  Giardino, W.J., Eban-Rothschild A., Christoffel D.J., Li S.-B., Malenka R.C., de Lecea L. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENTORHINAL CORTEX   MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS APPLIED TO BEHAVIOR   LUMINANCE AND VISION
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1218-1228

Sexually dimorphic behavior, neuronal activity, and gene expression in Chd8-mutant mice

Authors: Jung, H., Park H., Choi Y., Kang H., Lee E., Kweon H., Roh J.D., Ellegood J., Choi W., Kang J., Rhim I., Choi S.-Y., Bae M., Kim S.-G., Lee J., Chung C., Yoo T., Park H., Kim Y., Ha S., Um S.M., Mo S., Kwon Y., Mah W., Bae Y.C., Kim H., Lerch J.P., Paik S.-B., Kim E.

  CHD8 autism spectrum disorder risk gene on hippocampal neuron firing, brain c-fos expression related to maternal separation, locomotion, exploration, grooming, social interaction, maternal care behavior, pup to mother related behavior, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex, fear conditioning, object recognition and Morris water maze performance in pup, juvenile and adult male and female mice
  Jung, H., Park H., Choi Y., Kang H., Lee E., Kweon H., Roh J.D., Ellegood J., Choi W., Kang J., Rhim I., Choi S.-Y., Bae M., Kim S.-G., Lee J., Chung C., Yoo T., Park H., Kim Y., Ha S., Um S.M., Mo S., Kwon Y., Mah W., Bae Y.C., Kim H., Lerch J.P., Paik S.-B., Kim E. - 2018

  GENDER   SMELL   STRESS   AGE   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   DARK/LIGHT CONTEXT   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   STARTLE REFLEX   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1239-1250

Serotonin receptor 2c-expressing cells in the ventral CA1 control attention via innervation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Authors: Li, X., Chen W., Pan K., Li H., Pang P., Guo Y., Shu S., Cai Y., Pei L., Liu D., Afewerky H.K., Tian Q., Zhu L.-Q., Lu Y.

  Ventral hippocampus 5-HT2C receptor expressing neuron Edinger-Westphal nucleus innervation and attentional operant/spatial learning performance in mice
  Li, X., Chen W., Pan K., Li H., Pang P., Guo Y., Shu S., Cai Y., Pei L., Liu D., Afewerky H.K., Tian Q., Zhu L.-Q., Lu Y. - 2018

  SEROTONIN   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2018: 28, 539-548

On the (a)symmetry between the perception of time and space in large.scale environments

Authors: Riemer, M., Shine J.P., Wolbers T.

  Spatial extent and temporal interval perception in humans
  Riemer, M., Shine J.P., Wolbers T. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ENTORHINAL CORTEX
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2018: 28, 549-556

Amyloid fibrils induce dysfunction of hippocampal glutamatergic silent synapses

Authors: Bie, B., Wu J., Foss J.F., Naguib M.

  Local amyloid fibrils microinjection on hippocampal neuron excitability, PSD95 synaptic protein/GluR1 expression and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Bie, B., Wu J., Foss J.F., Naguib M. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE   PROTEINS AND GENES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2018: 28, 568-585

Hippocampal place cell dysfunction and the effects of muscarinic M1 receptor agonism in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease

Authors: Galloway, C.R., Ravipati K., Singh S., Lebois E.P., Cohen R.M., Levey A.I., Manns J.R.

  Acethylcoline M1 agonist on hippocampal place cell firing and object location/recognition in APPTg-F344 and control rats of different age
  Galloway, C.R., Ravipati K., Singh S., Lebois E.P., Cohen R.M., Levey A.I., Manns J.R. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   AGE   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: Brain Res., 2018: 1697, 1-9

Physical exercise reserved amyloid-beta induced brain dysfunctions by regulating hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammatory response via MAPK-signaling

Authors: Sun, L., Qi J., Gao R.

  Physical exercise on intra-hippocampal amyloid β injection effects on hippocampal neuron damage/neurogenesis, object recognition and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Sun, L., Qi J., Gao R. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   PROTEIN KINASES   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   PROTEINS AND GENES   NEUROPEPTIDES
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 350, 72-79

Impaired spatial processing in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome

Authors: Ghilan, M., Bettio L.E.B., Noonan A., Brocardo P.S., Gil-Mohapel J., Christie B.R.

  Fmr1 gene role on locomotion, exploration and spatial discrimination in mice: fragile X syndrome mouse model study
  Ghilan, M., Bettio L.E.B., Noonan A., Brocardo P.S., Gil-Mohapel J., Christie B.R. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 350, 109-115

Beneficial effect of etazolate on depression-like behavior and, learning, and memory impairment in a model of Parkinson's disease

Authors: Alzoubi, K.H., Mokhemer E., Abuirmeileh A.N.

  Etazolate on unilateral medial forebrain bundle 6-OHDA injection lesions effects on hippocampal oxidative stress, brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, apomorphine-induced turning, response to stress and spatial learning performance in rats
  Alzoubi, K.H., Mokhemer E., Abuirmeileh A.N. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   STRESS   DOPAMINE   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS
Contained in: Anim. Behav., 2018: 142, 39-47

The influence of locomotory style on three-dimensional spatial learning

Authors: Davis, V.A., Holbrook R.I., de Perera T.B.

  Vertical and horizontal information and spatial learning - Review
  Davis, V.A., Holbrook R.I., de Perera T.B. - 2018

  LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES
Contained in: Anim. Behav., 2018: 142, 87-93

Individuals in larger groups are more successful on spatial discrimination tasks

Authors: Langley, E.J.G., van Horik J.O., Whiteside M.A., Madden J.R.

  Social environment/group size on spatial orientation performance in female pheasant
  Langley, E.J.G., van Horik J.O., Whiteside M.A., Madden J.R. - 2018

  ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 351, 4-16

Fasudil hydrochloride aneliorates memory deificts in rat model of streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease: involvement of PI3-kinase, eNOS and NFκB

Authors: Kumar, M., Bansal N.

  Nitric oxide, acethylchiolinesterase and PI3-kinase role in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced deficits on cortical neuron degenration, brain oxidative stress/total protein levels, locomotor activity, object recognition and Morris water maze performance in rats: Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil ameliorative effects study
  Kumar, M., Bansal N. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   NITRIC AND NITROUS OXIDE   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   PROTEINS AND GENES   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 351, 138-151

Rats with ventral hippocampal damage are impaired at various forms of learning including conditioned inhibition, spatial navigation, and iscriminative fear conditioning to similar contexts

Authors: McDonald, R.J., Balog R.J., Lee J.Q., Stuart E.E., Carrels B.B., Hong N.S.

  Ventral hippocampal lesions on conditioned inhibitory/reversal learning, contextual fear conditioning and spatial learning in rats
  McDonald, R.J., Balog R.J., Lee J.Q., Stuart E.E., Carrels B.B., Hong N.S. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED INHIBITION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING
Contained in: Trends Cogn. Sci., 2018: 22, 853-869

Space and time: the hippocampus as a sequence generator

Authors: Buzsaki, G., Tingley D.

  Hippocampal neuronal rhythmic activity and spatial/temporal information processing - Review
  Buzsaki, G., Tingley D. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENTORHINAL CORTEX
Contained in: Science, 2018: 361, eaan8821

Combined adult neurogenesis and BDNF mimic exercise effects on cognition in an Alzheimer's mouse model

Authors: Choi, S.H., Bylykbashi E., Chatila Z.K., Lee S.W., Pulli B., Clemenson G.D., Kim E., Rompala A., Oram M.K., Asselin C., Aronson J., Zhang C., Miller S.J., Lesinski A., Chen J.W., Kim D.Y., van Praag H., Spiegelman B.M., Gage F.H., Tanzi R.E.

  Exercise and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels/adult neurogenesis on hippocampal plasticity/neuroprotection and spatial learning in 5/FAD Alzheimer's disease and control male and female mice
  Choi, S.H., Bylykbashi E., Chatila Z.K., Lee S.W., Pulli B., Clemenson G.D., Kim E., Rompala A., Oram M.K., Asselin C., Aronson J., Zhang C., Miller S.J., Lesinski A., Chen J.W., Kim D.Y., van Praag H., Spiegelman B.M., Gage F.H., Tanzi R.E. - 2018

  NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GENDER   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   PROTEINS AND GENES   NEUROPEPTIDES
Contained in: Science, 2018: 361, 1023-1025

Is ungulate migration culturally transmitted? Evidence of social learning from translocated animals

Authors: Jesmer, B.R., Merkle J.A., Goheen J.R., Aikens E.O., Beck J.L., Courtemanch A.B., Hurley M.A., McWhirter D.E., Miyasaki H.M., Monteith K.L., Kauffman M.J.

  Migration and social learning in bighorn sheeps
  Jesmer, B.R., Merkle J.A., Goheen J.R., Aikens E.O., Beck J.L., Courtemanch A.B., Hurley M.A., McWhirter D.E., Miyasaki H.M., Monteith K.L., Kauffman M.J. - 2018

  ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   FEEDING AND DRINKING
Contained in: Science, 2018: 361, 972-873

Learning to migrate

Authors: Festa-Bianchet, M.

  Migratory social learning in ungulates - Commentary
  Festa-Bianchet, M. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   FEEDING AND DRINKING
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 8-17

Amygdala stimulation promotes recovery of behavioral performance in a spatial memory task and increases GAP-43 and MAP-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats

Authors: Merceron-Martinez, D., Almaguer-Melian W., Alberti-Amador E., Bergado J.A.

  Post-training basolateral amygdala elctrical stimulation on Morris water maze performance, hippocampal/prefrontal neuron synaptic protein levels in fimbria-fornix transected and control rats
  Merceron-Martinez, D., Almaguer-Melian W., Alberti-Amador E., Bergado J.A. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   AMYGDALA   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CEREBRAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 147-155

Deletion of asparagine endopeptidase reduces anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and improves abilities of spatial cognition in mice

Authors: Gao, J., Li K., Du L., Yin H., Tan X., Yang Z.

  Asparagine endopeptidase role in hippocampal neuron excitability/brain-derived neurotrophic factor-synaptic proteins levels, locomotion, exploration, response to stress and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Gao, J., Li K., Du L., Yin H., Tan X., Yang Z. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   PROTEINS AND GENES   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STRESS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 197-206

The memory-enhancing effects of 7,8,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metbolite of daidzein, are associated with activation of the cholinergic system and BDNF signbaling pathway in mice

Authors: Ko, Y.-H., Kwon S.-H., Ma S.-X., Seo J.-Y., Lee B.-R., Kim K., Kim S.Y., Lee S.-Y., Jang C.-G.

  Daidzein isoflavone metabolite on hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor/CREB/extracellular-signal regulated kinase expression, nociception, spatial learning, passive avoidance and scopolamine-induced cognitive and cholinergic system deficit in mice
  Ko, Y.-H., Kwon S.-H., Ma S.-X., Seo J.-Y., Lee B.-R., Kim K., Kim S.Y., Lee S.-Y., Jang C.-G. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   NOOTROPICS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   AVOIDANCE   NOCICEPTION   PROTEINS AND GENES   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEIN KINASES
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 297-303

Deltamethrin intranasal administration induces memory, emotional and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity alterations in rats

Authors: Souza, M.F., Freire M.A.M., Medeiros K.A.A.L., Lins L.C.R.F., Bispo J.M.M., Gois A.M., Leal P.C., Engelberth R.C.G.J., Ribeiro A.M., Silva R.H., Marchioro M., Santos J.R.

  Deltamethrin pesticide on substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, locomotion/exploration/grooming, spatial learning, fear conditioning and object recognition in rats
  Souza, M.F., Freire M.A.M., Medeiros K.A.A.L., Lins L.C.R.F., Bispo J.M.M., Gois A.M., Leal P.C., Engelberth R.C.G.J., Ribeiro A.M., Silva R.H., Marchioro M., Santos J.R. - 2018

  DOPAMINE   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   STEROTYPED BEHAVIORS   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SUBSTANTIA NIGRA   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 352, 2-7

Fellow travellers: working memory and mental time travel in rodents

Authors: Dere, E., Dere D., de Souza Silva M.A., Huston J.P., Zlomuzica A.

  "Mental time travel" and rodent animal models - Review
  Dere, E., Dere D., de Souza Silva M.A., Huston J.P., Zlomuzica A. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 352, 23-27

Testing cognitive functions in rodent disease models: present pitfalls and future perspectives

Authors: Tanila, H.

  Memory testing in central nervous system disease rodent models - Review
  Tanila, H. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   AVOIDANCE   PROTEINS AND GENES
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 352, 151-160

Assessment of behavioural deficits following ischaemic stroke in the marmoset

Authors: Le Gal, R., Bernaudin M., Toutain J., Touzani O.

  Ischaemic stroke model in marmoset monkeys - Review
  Le Gal, R., Bernaudin M., Toutain J., Touzani O. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2018: 52, 1-9

Socio-sexual processing in cortical circuits

Authors: Brecht, M., Lenschow C., Rao R.P.

  Cortical circuits, geneder, social and sexual processing - Review
  Brecht, M., Lenschow C., Rao R.P. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   CEREBRAL CORTEX   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   SEXUAL BEHAVIOR   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: Curr. Op. Neurobiol., 2018: 52, 107-114

The hippocampus in depth: a sublayer-specific perspective of entorhinal-hippoampal function

Authors: Valero, M., de la Prida L.M.

  Entorhinal-hippocampal system function - Review
  Valero, M., de la Prida L.M. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ENTORHINAL CORTEX   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 352, 8-22

Automated dissection of permannet effects of hippocampal or prefrontal lesions on performance at spatial, working memory and circadian timing tasks of C57BL/6 mice in IntelliCage

Authors: Voikar, V., Krackow S., Lipp H.-P., Rau A., Colacicco G., Wolfer D.P.

  Spontaneous and operant/avoidance/spatial conditioned responding automated permanent circadian recording in control and hippocampal or prefrontal lesioned mice - Methods
  Voikar, V., Krackow S., Lipp H.-P., Rau A., Colacicco G., Wolfer D.P. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   AVOIDANCE   CEREBRAL CORTEX   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS   METHODS IN NEUROSCIENCE AND BEHAVIOR   FEEDING AND DRINKING