2018

Contained in: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2018: 115, E7408-E7417

Aspirin binds to PPARα to stimulate hippocampal plasticity and protect memory

Authors: Patel, D., Roy A., Kundu M., Jana M., Luan C.-H., Gonzalez F.J., Pahan K.

  Aspirin on hippocampal neuron excitability/plasticity, locomotion, exploration and spatial learning in mice: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α role
  Patel, D., Roy A., Kundu M., Jana M., Luan C.-H., Gonzalez F.J., Pahan K. - 2018

  PROTEINS AND GENES   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   GLUTAMATE   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY
Contained in: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2018: 115, E8067-E8076

Differential inhibition of pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons along the rostrocaudal axis of anterior piriform cortex

Authors: Large, A.M., Vogler N.W., Canto-Bustos M., Friason F.K., Schick P., Oswald A.-M.M.

  Anterior piriform cortex odor processing in mice: optogenetic study
  Large, A.M., Vogler N.W., Canto-Bustos M., Friason F.K., Schick P., Oswald A.-M.M. - 2018

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   SMELL   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neurosci. Res., 2018: 134, 56-60

Optogenetic activation of granule cells in the dorsal dentate gyrus enhances dopaminergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens

Authors: Tritschler, L., Kheirbek M.A., Le Dantec Y., Mendez-David I., Guilloux J.-P., Faye C., Doan J., Pham T.H., Hen R., David D.J., Gardier A.M.

  dentate gyrus optogenetic activation on accumbal dopamine levels in mice
  Tritschler, L., Kheirbek M.A., Le Dantec Y., Mendez-David I., Guilloux J.-P., Faye C., Doan J., Pham T.H., Hen R., David D.J., Gardier A.M. - 2018

  ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   DOPAMINE   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   SEPTUM   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2018: 682, 10-15

Delayed effects of combined stress and Aβ infusion on L-LTP of the dentate gyrus: prevention by nicotine

Authors: Alkadhi, K.A.

  Systemic nicotine, intracerebroventricular amyloid β peptides and stress effects on hippocampal neuron excitability in rats
  Alkadhi, K.A. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   STRESS   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neurosci. Lett., 2018: 683, 190-195

Electroacupuncture prevents cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide via inhibition of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation

Authors: Han, Y.-G., Qin X., Zhang T., Lei M., Sun F.-Y., Sun J.-J., Yuan W.-F.

  Electroacupuncture on lipopolysaccharide induced effects on hippocampal neuron cholinergic functions/oxidative stress, locomotion, exploration and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Han, Y.-G., Qin X., Zhang T., Lei M., Sun F.-Y., Sun J.-J., Yuan W.-F. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   NEUROPEPTIDES   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2018: 386, 16-23

Acute aversive stimuli rapidly uncrease the activity of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in awake mice

Authors: Moriya, S., Yamashita A., Kawashima S., Nishi R., Yamanaka A., Kuwaki T.

  Aversive/stressfull stimuli presentation on ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neuron activation in mice: optogenetic/fluorescence study
  Moriya, S., Yamashita A., Kawashima S., Nishi R., Yamanaka A., Kuwaki T. - 2018

  UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   DOPAMINE   STRESS   AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Neuroscience, 2018: 386, 79-90

Stimulation of acetylcholine release and pharamcological potentiation of cholinergic transmission affect cholinergic receptor expression differently during visual conditioning

Authors: Groleau, M., Chamoun M., Vaucher E.

  Electrical and pharmacological basal forebrain cholinergic system activation on primary visual cortex cholinergic receptor expression in rats
  Groleau, M., Chamoun M., Vaucher E. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2018: 137, 202-210

Intermittent stimulation in the nucleus basalis of meynert improves sustained attention in rhesus monkeys

Authors: Liu, R., Crawford J., Callahan P.M., Terry A.V., Constantinidis C., Blake D.T.

  Nucleus basalis magnocellularis electrical stimulation and donepezil, mecamilamine or scopolamine exposure on sustained/selected attention task perfomance in monkeys
  Liu, R., Crawford J., Callahan P.M., Terry A.V., Constantinidis C., Blake D.T. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   NUCLEUS BASALIS MAGNOCELLULARIS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contained in: Neuropharmacology, 2018: 137, 372-381

Ketamine facilitates extinction of avoidance behavior and enhances synaptic plasticity in a rat model of anxiety vulnerability: implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders

Authors: Fortress, A.M., Smith I.M., Pang K.C.H.

  Subanesthetic ketamine exposure on hippocampal neuron excitability and operant avoidance task extinction in rats of different strain
  Fortress, A.M., Smith I.M., Pang K.C.H. - 2018

  N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   EXTINCTION   AVOIDANCE   STRAIN   OPERANT CONDITIONING   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1027-1037

PKCα integrates spatiotemporally distinct Ca2+ and autocrine BDNF signaling to facilitate synaptic plasticity

Authors: Colgan, L.A., Hu M., Misler J.A., Parra-Bueno P., Moran C.M., Leitges M., Yasuda R.

  Protein kinase C role in hippocampal neuron excitability/plasticity via NMDA/BDNF signaling, locomotion/exploration and spatial learning in mice
  Colgan, L.A., Hu M., Misler J.A., Parra-Bueno P., Moran C.M., Leitges M., Yasuda R. - 2018

  PROTEIN KINASES   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   NOCICEPTION   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1072-1083

Dopamine neurons create Pavlovian conditioned stimuli with circuit-defined motivational properties

Authors: Saunders, B.T., Richard J.M., Margolis E.B., Janak P.H.

  Ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons (projecting to dorsal striatum or accumbens) optogenetic stimulation as CS in Pavlovian and operant conditining of rats
  Saunders, B.T., Richard J.M., Margolis E.B., Janak P.H. - 2018

  DOPAMINE   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING   SUBSTANTIA NIGRA   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   STRIATUM   NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS   OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1084-1095

Parallel circuits from the bed nuclei of stria terminalis to the lateral hypothalamus drive opposing emotional states

Authors: Giardino, W.J., Eban-Rothschild A., Christoffel D.J., Li S.-B., Malenka R.C., de Lecea L.

  Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis GABAergic neurons /expressin CCK or CRF) projecting to lateral hypothalamus related to social/defensive emotional state in mice: optogenetic study
  Giardino, W.J., Eban-Rothschild A., Christoffel D.J., Li S.-B., Malenka R.C., de Lecea L. - 2018

  HYPOTHALAMUS   CHOLECYSTOKININ (CCK)   CORTICO-RELEASING-FACTOR (CRF)   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SMELL   OPERANT CONDITIONING   ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR   AGGRESSIVE AND DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR
Contained in: Nat. Neurosci., 2018: 21, 1239-1250

Serotonin receptor 2c-expressing cells in the ventral CA1 control attention via innervation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Authors: Li, X., Chen W., Pan K., Li H., Pang P., Guo Y., Shu S., Cai Y., Pei L., Liu D., Afewerky H.K., Tian Q., Zhu L.-Q., Lu Y.

  Ventral hippocampus 5-HT2C receptor expressing neuron Edinger-Westphal nucleus innervation and attentional operant/spatial learning performance in mice
  Li, X., Chen W., Pan K., Li H., Pang P., Guo Y., Shu S., Cai Y., Pei L., Liu D., Afewerky H.K., Tian Q., Zhu L.-Q., Lu Y. - 2018

  SEROTONIN   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contained in: Hippocampus, 2018: 28, 549-556

Amyloid fibrils induce dysfunction of hippocampal glutamatergic silent synapses

Authors: Bie, B., Wu J., Foss J.F., Naguib M.

  Local amyloid fibrils microinjection on hippocampal neuron excitability, PSD95 synaptic protein/GluR1 expression and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Bie, B., Wu J., Foss J.F., Naguib M. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   GLUTAMATE   PROTEINS AND GENES   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 350, 116-121

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex bridges bilateral primary somatosensory cortices during cross-modal working memory

Authors: Zhao, D., Ku Y.

  Dorsolateral prefrontal or primary somatosensory cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation on tactile-visual working memory task performance in humans
  Zhao, D., Ku Y. - 2018

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   OPERANT CONDITIONING
Contained in: Brain Res., 2018: 1698, 151-160

Effect of a 5-HT1D receptor agonist on the reinstetement phase of the conditioned place preference test and hippocampal long-term potentiation in methamphetamine-treated rats

Authors: Shahidi, S., Komaki A., Sadeghian R., Asl S.S.

  5-HT1D agonist on conditioned place preference by methamphetamine reinstatement and related hippocampal neuron excitability in rats
  Shahidi, S., Komaki A., Sadeghian R., Asl S.S. - 2018

  SEROTONIN   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING   RECALL AND RECONSOLIDATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   DOPAMINE   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 8-17

Amygdala stimulation promotes recovery of behavioral performance in a spatial memory task and increases GAP-43 and MAP-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of male rats

Authors: Merceron-Martinez, D., Almaguer-Melian W., Alberti-Amador E., Bergado J.A.

  Post-training basolateral amygdala elctrical stimulation on Morris water maze performance, hippocampal/prefrontal neuron synaptic protein levels in fimbria-fornix transected and control rats
  Merceron-Martinez, D., Almaguer-Melian W., Alberti-Amador E., Bergado J.A. - 2018

  ACETYLCHOLINE   AMYGDALA   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   CEREBRAL CORTEX   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   PROTEINS AND GENES   CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LESIONS   CONSOLIDATION
Contained in: Brain Res. Bull., 2018: 142, 147-155

Deletion of asparagine endopeptidase reduces anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors and improves abilities of spatial cognition in mice

Authors: Gao, J., Li K., Du L., Yin H., Tan X., Yang Z.

  Asparagine endopeptidase role in hippocampal neuron excitability/brain-derived neurotrophic factor-synaptic proteins levels, locomotion, exploration, response to stress and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Gao, J., Li K., Du L., Yin H., Tan X., Yang Z. - 2018

  SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   PROTEINS AND GENES   NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS   LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   STRESS   HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Cell, 2018: 174, 12-13

Stimulating astrocytes to remember

Authors: Covelo, A., Araque A.

  Astrocyte activity and memory processes - Commentary
  Covelo, A., Araque A. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION
Contained in: Cell, 2018: 174, 59-71

Astrocytic activation generates de novo neuronal potentiation and memory enhamcement

Authors: Adamsky, A., Kol A., Kreisel T., Doron A., Ozeri-Engelhard N., Melcer T., Refaeli R., Horn H., Regev L., Groysman M., London M., Goshen I.

  Hippocampal astrocytes chemogenetic activation on neuron excitability, exploratory activity, fear consiitoning, spatial learning and related hippocampal neuron c-fos expression in mice
  Adamsky, A., Kol A., Kreisel T., Doron A., Ozeri-Engelhard N., Melcer T., Refaeli R., Horn H., Regev L., Groysman M., London M., Goshen I. - 2018

  HIPPOCAMPUS, FORNIX AND SUBICULUM   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   PROTEINS AND GENES   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY
Contained in: Cell, 2018: 174, 32-43

Optogenetic editing reveals the hierarchical organization of learned action sequences

Authors: Geddes, C.E., Li H., Jin X.

  Striatal neuronal NMDA receptor role related to operant responding in mice: optogenetic stimulation/functional inactivation study
  Geddes, C.E., Li H., Jin X. - 2018

  STRIATUM   N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE (NMDA)   LATERALITY AND ASYMMETRICAL INTERVENTIONS   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   OPERANT CONDITIONING   NEURAL REVERSIBLE INACTIVATIONS   SCHEDULE INDUCED CONDITIONING AND BEHAVIOR
Contained in: Cell, 2018: 175, 71-84

Light affects mood and learning through distinct retina-brain pathways

Authors: Fernandez, D.C., Fogerson P.M., Ospri L.L., Thomsen M.B., Layne R.M., Severin D., Zhan J., Singer J.H., Kirkwood A., Zhao H., Berson D.M., Hattar S.

  Thalamic perihavìbenular nucleus role in environmental light effects on sucrose preference, response to stress, object recognition and Morris water maze performance in mice
  Fernandez, D.C., Fogerson P.M., Ospri L.L., Thomsen M.B., Layne R.M., Severin D., Zhan J., Singer J.H., Kirkwood A., Zhao H., Berson D.M., Hattar S. - 2018

  HYPOTHALAMUS   LUMINANCE AND VISION   UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   STRESS   SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND SPATIAL MEMORY   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Eur. J. Neurosci., 2018: 48, 2118-2138

Sex differences in the effect of cannabinoid type 1 receptor deletion on locus coeruleus-norepinephrine neurons and corticotropin releasing factor-mediated responses

Authors: Wyrofsky, R.R., Reyes B.A.S., Yu D., Kirby L.G., Van Bockstaele E.J.

  CB1 receptor role in locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron excitability, locus coeruleus/prefrontal cortex norepinephrine levels, CRF receptro expression in male and female mice
  Wyrofsky, R.R., Reyes B.A.S., Yu D., Kirby L.G., Van Bockstaele E.J. - 2018

  GENDER   CANNABINOIDS   EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE   CORTICO-RELEASING-FACTOR (CRF)   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: J. Physiol. (London), 2018: 596, 4157-4172

Chronic stress dampens excitatory synaptic gain in the paraventricular nucleus of the hyporhalamuc

Authors: Salter, E.W., Sunstrum J.K., Matovic S., Inoue W.

  Stress effects on glutamatergic modulation of paraventricular nucleus CRH secreting neurons excitability in mice
  Salter, E.W., Sunstrum J.K., Matovic S., Inoue W. - 2018

  STRESS   HYPOTHALAMUS   CORTICO-RELEASING-FACTOR (CRF)   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   GLUTAMATE
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 353, 129-136

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation inhibits the developpment of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference

Authors: Wu, X.-Q., Zan G.-Y., Ju Y.-Y., Chen T.-Z., Guo L.-B., Jiao D.-L., Jiang H.-F., Deng Y.-Z., Liu J.-G., Zhao M.

  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimuluation on conditioned place preference by methamphetamine and related prefrontal/dorsostriatal GABA-A/B receptor expression in rats
  Wu, X.-Q., Zan G.-Y., Ju Y.-Y., Chen T.-Z., Guo L.-B., Jiao D.-L., Jiang H.-F., Deng Y.-Z., Liu J.-G., Zhao M. - 2018

  ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   DOPAMINE   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING   STRIATUM   γ-AMINO-BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)   CEREBRAL CORTEX
Contained in: Behav. Brain Res., 2018: 353, 168-175

Effect of electrical stimulation of the infralimbic and prelimbic cortices on anxiolytic-like behavior of rats during the elevated plus-maze test, with particular reference to multiunit recording of the behavior-associated neural activity

Authors: Shimizu, T., Minami C., Mitani A.

  Prefrontal electrical stimulation on exploratory activity and related prefrontal neuron firing in rats
  Shimizu, T., Minami C., Mitani A. - 2018

  CEREBRAL CORTEX   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2018: 154, 30-36

A non-synaptic mechanism of complex learning: modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability

Authors: Chandra, N., Barkai E.

  Learning-induced neuronal excitability/plasticity modulation - Review
  Chandra, N., Barkai E. - 2018

  REVIEWS AND COMMENTARIES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   PROTEIN KINASES   PROTEINS AND GENES   NEUROGENESIS AND PLASTICITY   AMYGDALA   SHORT- AND LONG-TERM POTENTIATION AND DEPRESSION
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2018: 154, 97-111

Metaplasticity at the addicted tetrapartite synapse: a common denominator of drug induced adaptations and potential treatment target for addiction

Authors: Neuhofer, D., Kalivas P.
Contained in: Neurobiol. Learn. Mem., 2018: 154, 121-135

Metaplasticity within the spinal cord: evidence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and alterations in GABA function (ionic plasticity) modulate pain and the capacity to learn

Authors: Grau, J.W., Huang Y.-J.
Contained in: Nature, 2018: 557, 183-189

A midline thalamic circuit determines reactions to visual threat

Authors: Salay, L.D., Ishiko N., Huberman A.D.

  Ventral midline thalamus to prefrontal cortex and amygdala role in related visual threat conditioned emotional response and behavioral recation in mice: optogenetic and c-fos expression study
  Salay, L.D., Ishiko N., Huberman A.D. - 2018

  UNSPECIFIC ASCENDING ACTIVATING SYSTEM PROJECTION   FEAR AND RELATED BEHAVIORS   AMYGDALA   CEREBRAL CORTEX   PROTEINS AND GENES   ELECTRIC/MAGNETIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULATION   CONDITIONED EMOTIONAL RESPONSE   EXPLORATORY ACTIVITY   CLASSICAL PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING